NASA launches Historic mission to the SUN

Why NASA going to SUN?

NASA launched ''PARKER SOLAR PROBE" to the sun on Sunday, Aug. 12, 2018 from Launch Complex 37 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida. This is the humanity’s first-ever mission into the atmosphere of the sun CORONA.

CORONA

A corona is an aura of plasma that surrounds, the Sun and other stars. The Sun's corona extends millions of kilometres into outer space and is most easily seen during a total solar eclipse, but it is also observable with a coronagraph. As it is the hottest layer of the Sun .

The temperature in the corona is more, than a million degrees, surprisingly much hotter than the temperature at the Sun's surface which is around 5,500° C (9,940° F or 5,780 kelvins). The pressure and density in the corona is much, much lower than in Earth's atmosphere.

 PARKER SOLAR PROB will spy in this region 

Why NASA launched it to SUN.

Sun is a giant monster with an much powerful efficient Magnetic fields.  Scientists don't know why corona is much hotter then the sun surface . Its magnetic field can affect our Earth electric devices and we can  not use our electrical devices. To study the magnetic field of sun's corona NASA launches the PARKER SOLAR PROB. and to know space weather .

So its very interesting that our technology revealing new mysterious of space.

The fact that the sun's corona is very hot--one million to two million kelvins in "quiet" regions, two million to five million in magnetically strong active regions and higher yet in solar flares--was well established by the 1940s. Temperatures in the cooler photosphere (the visible surface of the sun, where we see sunspots) and the overlying chromosphere had been determined long before that by spectroscopic observations.

 For example,
the characteristic brilliant red of the chromosphere seen during solar eclipses was readily traced via so-called Balmer line emissions from hydrogen to material at around 6,000 kelvins. Astronomers recorded red and green line emission from the corona during eclipses as early as 1867, but they could not associate them with any known laboratory spectra. For a time people speculated that the coronal emissions were due to coronium, a potential new element found only in the sun. After all, however, it was recognized that the observed color lines arise from what are known as forbidden emissions from very hot atoms (in the range of one million K or more) occurring under highly rarified conditions. That is, only in an ultra-low density medium, such as the corona, are collisions between atoms so infrequent that atomic populations can be maintained in the right kind of energy states to enable the observed emission.


Although the high corona temperatures came as a surprise to early observers, it did not take long for theoretical explanations to surface. They fall into three main categories: In the first, the photosphere can be likened to the bubbling surface of boiling water; it is a seething mass of rising and falling columns of hot fluid. And just as the roiling water makes noise, so does the convective overturning of the solar surface fill its atmosphere with intense sound waves. Thus, if you could stand on the solar surface, not only would it be very hot but it would also be incredibly loud. At least some of this sound makes its way upward into the corona, where dissipative processes covert the audio energy into heat. Because the coronal material is so thin and tenuous, only a tiny portion of all the sound energy in the photosphere needs to bleed up into the corona and be absorbed in order to heat it to the observed temperatures.

The another theory is really just an elaboration of the first. The bubbling fluid of the photosphere is threaded by magnetic fields, some of which are many thousands of times as intense as Earth's field, but most of which are a good deal weaker. (The fields located near sunspots are the strongest.) The presence of this magnetic field enables the energy from the boiling motion to propagate upward in a variety of ways as magnetohydrodynamic waves. These are analogous to pure sound waves, but their properties depend on the magnetic field strength and direction. Some of these waves allow for particularly efficient transmission and deposition of energy and so are favored by many theorists as the corona's heating source, to reveal this reason NASA launched its SOLAR PROBE to SUN.

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